Study Abroad Tips and Student's Experience

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Know about your study abroad area. Try and read the newspaper and familiarize yourself with the general state of affairs in the country and city you will be visiting. Pick up a travel book, like a Lonely Planet, to get to know the major monuments, transportation, local sites, as well as the good and bad areas of town. Read about Free Study Abroad Guide reviews of your program and other programs in the area, as well as other blogs devoted to the student experience study abroad. Check out for first hand accounts of student expats and their experiences while study abroad. Not only will you be able to converse with the locals better, enhance your own experience with insight into the cultural quirks of your country, but you will be more in the know compared to your other study abroad participants.

There is hard time in your life to travel when you are willing to go the extra mile to save a few bucks and adventurous enough to check out the out of the way towns and festivals. If you are in Europe, head over to Munich for Okterber fest in the fall, check out hiking the Alps in October, before the ski crowds, high prices, and cold move in, go to the Greek Islands in May before the crowds roll in and when the weather is great or Southern Spain in the winter months. Investigate opportunities for cheap travel within your region. Check out www.freestudyabroadguide.com/'s Helpful Links section for links to websites and resources for low cost airline, lodging, package travel, as well as travel blogs. Don't forget that much of the world travels by train and bus, which can be both cost effective and one of the more interesting cultural experiences you will have. There is nothing quite like sitting on a 10 hour bus ride with a family and the family pet pig or catching a taking an overnight train to your destination and bundling up the cost of lodging and transportation all in one.

Take advantage of student discounts if they are available in your study abroad country. Depending on the country you study in, student discounts can save you money at museums, tourist attractions, transportation, shopping outlets, and even the movie theater. Also, many hostels and other businesses have negotiated discounts for holders of the international student card.

Figure out how you will be communicating with your loved ones and friends back in the United States, your new friends and the locals in your new home, as well as the local emergency number. For calling your friends and family in the United States, as well as others with an internet connection, VOIP options, including Skype and Vonage may be a great, cost effective option for you. You may have to invest in a microphone and speakers for your computer, if you don't already have them, but these VOIP options are cheap, reliable, and you can call anywhere, as long as you are by your computer. As far as keeping in touch with your local friends, check into cell phone plans that are available. Some countries do not allow you to sign up for a monthly cell phone plan unless you have a local bank account, but most countries offer pay-as-you-go cell phone plans that can do the job for only slightly more than the cost of a monthly plan. Don't forget to also check out the landline options while you are abroad, for calls made locally and internationally. Sometimes landline rates can be reasonable.

If your idea of comfort food is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, chances are you should stock up on peanut butter before you leave the US. Most countries have either their own version of some American foods, or nothing at all. You may not realize until you are already abroad, but you will come up with food items you can't live without and that you can't find anywhere abroad.

One thing you will notice after your first month of living abroad are the foreign transaction fees your credit card company charges on all purchases made in another currency as well as the transaction charge for most ATM withdrawals. Although the bank offers no service for these fees, which range from 2 to 3% of the charge, they can add up quickly. So if you are not planning to open up an account at a local bank, check to see if your American bank has any agreements set up with international banks and affiliates, to cut down on this expense. Capital One does not charge foreign transaction fees on credit card purchases, but does on ATM transactions. If your bank does not have any special arrangements with a foreign bank, another idea is to withdraw a large sum of cash each month and go through that as needed. Don't forget that if your debit or credit card is lost or stolen, it can be difficult to replace quickly. Check out this article from the NYTimes Here to read more about credit cards while abroad.

Many who go abroad are happy to spend time with other Americans, party until all hours of the night at different bars and dance clubs, and speak in English for the duration of the trip. However, I encourage you to do something out of your comfort zone, whether it is studying in the local language, living in a homestay with a local family, joining a local club or sports team, volunteering or finding an internship locally, or simply getting off the beaten path when you travel. Not only will you get a better flavor of the cultural nuances and how things work in the country you are living in, but you will be more resilient and gain a different view of the country you are in. Don't forget that when you return to the United States, you and others will be most impressed and have the best memories of how you integrated into new environment.

If you Play a Sport, Get Involved. Although most Americans associate college sports with intense practice and competition schedules, the rest of the world does not think of college sports in that way. At most colleges, there are sports clubs and teams with more casual practice and competition schedules. Not only can you play a sport that you love, but you can meet other students and it is always a great study break. Depending on your skill level, you may also think of giving lessons in your sport, or volunteering your time coaching a youth team or league. If you do plan to play a sport overseas, don't forget to bring your gear, as sports equipment can either be difficult to find or very expensive.

You will always be an American, but it is worth reading up and respecting the history of the country and people you are living with. Take behavioral cues from locals, especially in regards to dressing more conservatively in churches and the local tolerance for public drinking. Know what is an appropriate tip when at a restaurant and for a cab ride.

Studying abroad will provide memories that will last a lifetime, make sure you capture these moments to share with friends and family as well as to reminisce in later years.

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Pennsylvania State University - Pennsylvania, (USA)

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The Pennsylvania State University (commonly referred to as Penn State or PSU) is a public, state-related research university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania. Founded in 1855, the university has a stated threefold mission of teaching, research, and public service. Its instructional mission includes undergraduate, graduate, professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery. Its University Park campus, the flagship campus, lies within the Borough of State College and College Township. The Penn State Dickinson School of Law has facilities located in both Carlisle and State College and the College of Medicine is located in Hershey. Penn State has another 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special-mission campuses located across the state. Penn State has been labeled one of the "Public Ivies," a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League.

Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 45,000 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the United States. It has the world's largest dues-paying alumni association. The university's total enrollment in 2009–10 was approximately 94,300 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus.

The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses and administers $2.03 billion (as of June 30, 2013) in endowment and similar funds. The university's research expenditures exceeded $753 million for the 2009 fiscal year and was ranked 9th among U.S. universities in research income by the National Science Foundation.

Annually, the university hosts the Penn State IFC/Panhellenic Dance Marathon (THON), which is the world's largest student-run philanthropy. This event is held in the Bryce Jordan Center on the University Park campus. In 2014, THON raised a program record of $13.3 million. The university's athletics teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Penn State Nittany Lions. They compete in the Big Ten Conference for most sports.

History
The school was founded as a degree-granting institution on February 22, 1855, by act P.L. 46, No. 50 of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania. Centre County, Pennsylvania, became the home of the new school when James Irvin of Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, donated 200 acres (0.8 km2) of land – the first of 10,101 acres (41 km2) the school would eventually acquire. In 1862, the school's name was changed to the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, and with the passage of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Pennsylvania selected the school in 1863 to be the state's sole land-grant college. In the following years, enrollment fell as the school tried to balance purely agricultural studies with a more classic education, falling to 64 undergraduates in 1875, a year after the school's name changed once again to the Pennsylvania State College.

George W. Atherton became president of the school in 1882, and broadened the curriculum. Shortly after he introduced engineering studies, Penn State became one of the ten largest engineering schools in the nation. Atherton also expanded the liberal arts and agriculture programs, for which the school began receiving regular appropriations from the state in 1887. A major road in State College has been named in Atherton's honor. Additionally, Penn State's Atherton Hall, a well-furnished and centrally located residence hall, is named not after George Atherton himself, but after his wife, Frances Washburn Atherton. His grave is in front of Schwab Auditorium near Old Main, marked by an engraved marble block in front of his statue.

In the years that followed, Penn State grew significantly, becoming the state's largest grantor of baccalaureate degrees and reaching an enrollment of 5,000 in 1936. Around that time, a system of commonwealth campuses was started by President Ralph Dorn Hetzel to provide an alternative for Depression-era students who were economically unable to leave home to attend college.

In 1953, President Milton S. Eisenhower, brother of then-U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, sought and won permission to elevate the school to university status as The Pennsylvania State University. Under his successor Eric A. Walker (1956–1970), the university acquired hundreds of acres of surrounding land, and enrollment nearly tripled. In addition, in 1967, the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, a college of medicine and hospital, was established in Hershey with a $50 million gift from the Hershey Trust Company.

In the 1970s, the university became a state-related institution. As such, it now belongs to the Commonwealth System of Higher Education, and is now part of the fully public Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. In 1975, the lyrics in Penn State's alma mater song were revised to be gender-neutral in honor of International Women's Year; the revised lyrics were taken from the posthumously-published autobiography of the writer of the original lyrics, Fred Lewis Pattee, and Professor Patricia Farrell acted as a spokesperson for those who wanted the change.

In recent years, the university's role as a leader in education in Pennsylvania has become very well-defined. In 1989, the Pennsylvania College of Technology in Williamsport joined ranks with the university, and in 2000, so did the Dickinson School of Law. The university is now the largest in Pennsylvania, and in 2003, it was credited with having the second-largest impact on the state economy of any organization, generating an economic effect of over $17 billion on a budget of $2.5 billion. To offset the lack of funding due to the limited growth in state appropriations to Penn State, the university has concentrated its efforts on philanthropy (2003 marked the end of the Grand Destiny campaign—a seven-year effort that raised over $1.3 billion)

In 2011, the university and its football team garnered major international media attention and criticism due to a sex abuse scandal in which university officials were alleged to have covered up incidents of child sexual abuse by former football team defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky. Two university administrators, athletic director Timothy Curley and Gary Schultz, Senior Vice President for Finance and Business, were indicted for perjury. Sandusky was indicted and in June 2012 convicted on 45 counts for the abuse. Coach Joe Paterno was fired, and school president Graham B. Spanier was forced to resign by the Board of Trustees late in the evening of November 9, 2011. In response to Paterno's ouster, thousands gathered outside in State College on the night of the Trustees meeting and some caused damage to property.

Former FBI director Louis Freeh headed an independent investigation on the university's handling of the incidents and in July 2012 released his findings, which concluded that Paterno, along with Spanier, Curley and Schultz "conceal[ed] Sandusky's activities from the Board of Trustees, the University community and authorities" and "failed to protect against a child sexual predator harming children for over a decade." On July 23, 2012 the NCAA penalized Penn State football with a $60 million fine, a ban from bowl games and post-season play for 4 years, a reduction in scholarships from 25 to 15 per year for four years, the vacating of all wins from 1998 to 2011, and a 5-year probationary period. Following Freeh's report, former U.S. Attorney General Dick Thornburgh headed a Paterno family funded investigation that disagreed with Freeh's findings. Thornburgh's report included the help of former FBI profiler Jim Clemente, and senior lawyer Wick Sollers, but Freeh called the Thornburg report "self-serving" and stood by his report's conclusions. Sandusky maintained his innocence.

Campuses

University Park
The largest of the university's 24 campuses, University Park is almost entirely within the boundaries of State College borough, a site chosen to be near the geographic center of the state. With an undergraduate acceptance rate of 51 percent, it is the most selective campus in the Penn State system, due primarily to the fact that students select University Park as their first-choice campus at a far greater rate than the university's other undergraduate campuses. During the fall 2010 semester, 38,594 undergraduate students and 6,223 graduate students were enrolled at University Park. Of those, 45.3 percent were female and 30.6 percent were not Pennsylvania residents.

Transportation Access
The main University Park campus is centrally located at the junction of Interstate 99 and U.S. Route 322, and is due south of Interstate 80. Before the arrival of the Interstates the University was a short distance from a Lock Haven - Altoona branch line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The last run of long distance trains from Buffalo or Harrisburg through Lock Haven was in 1971. Today, the nearest passenger rail access is in Lewistown 31 miles to the southeast. The University Park Airport, serving four regional airlines, is near University Park.

Commonwealth Campuses
In addition to the University Park campus, 19 campus locations throughout the state offer enrollment for undergraduate students. Over 60 percent of Penn State first-year students begin their education at a location other than University Park. Each of these commonwealth campuses offer a unique set of degree programs based on the student demographics. Any student in good academic standing is guaranteed a spot at University Park to finish his or her degree if required or desired, known as "change of campus" or more accurately "the 2+2 program"; where a Penn State student may start at any Penn State campus, including University Park, for 2 years and finish at any Penn State the final 2 years.

Special-mission Campuses
The Dickinson School of Law was founded in 1834 and is the oldest law school in Pennsylvania. It merged with Penn State in 2000. Students now have the choice of studying in either Carlisle or University Park, with classes teleconferenced between the two locations using high-tech audiovisual equipment. The school is ranked among the top 100 law schools nationally. It has produced a number of governors, members of congress, and judges. A number of attorneys comprise the faculty and lead several centers and institutes devoted to specific practice areas. The school's alternative dispute resolution program is ranked among the top 10 nationally. The law school also houses the School of International Affairs.

The Penn State Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies is a special mission campus offering master's degrees, master's certification, and continuing professional education. Located in Malvern, Pennsylvania, it also offers classes at the old Philadelphia Naval Shipyard.

Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, Pennsylvania, is the university's medical school and teaching hospital. Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center has become only the ninth hospital in the United States and 16th worldwide to implant the CardioWest temporary Total Artificial Heart when a 60-year-old man suffering from end-stage heart failure received the device in May 2008.

Pennsylvania College of Technology, in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, offers certificates as well as degrees in over 10 technical fields.

In 1998, the university launched Penn State World Campus, or Penn State Online, which offers more than 60 online education programs, degrees, and certificates. Distance education has a long history at Penn State, one of the first universities in the country to offer a correspondence course for remote farmers in 1892. Examples of online programs include an MBA, master of professional studies in homeland security, a bachelor of science in nursing, and postbaccalaureate certificates in geographic information systems and applied behavior analysis. Penn State's World Campus offers 18 graduate degrees, 21 graduate certificates, 17 undergraduate degrees, and 11 undergraduate certificates. World Campus students come from all 50 U.S. states, more than 40 countries, and six continents.

Organization and Administration
Penn State is a "state-related" university, part of Pennsylvania's Commonwealth System of Higher Education. As such, although it receives funding from the Commonwealth and is connected to the state through its board of trustees, it is otherwise independent and not subject to the state's direct control. For the 2006–2007 fiscal year, the university received 9.7 percent of its budget from state appropriations, the lowest of the four state-related institutions in Pennsylvania. Initial reports concerning the 2007–2008 fiscal year indicated that Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell is recommending a 1.6 percent increase in state appropriations. Penn State's appropriation request, submitted to the Pennsylvania Department of Education in September, requested a 6.8 percent increase in funding.

Colleges

The University Park campus is organized into fourteen distinct colleges:

College of Agricultural Sciences
College of Arts and Architecture
Smeal College of Business
College of Communications
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
College of Education
College of Engineering
College of Health and Human Development
College of Information Sciences and Technology
College of the Liberal Arts
Eberly College of Science
Graduate School
Schreyer Honors College
College of Nursing

In addition, the university's Board of Trustees voted in January 2007 to create a School of International Affairs, with the first classes admitted in the fall 2008 semester. The school is part of the Dickinson School of Law at its University Park campus location.

Formerly the School of Nursing, on September 25, 2013, the Board of Trustees granted the nursing program college status.

Board of Trustees
The university is governed by the 32-member board of trustees. Its members include the university's president, the Governor of the Commonwealth, and the state Secretaries of Agriculture, Conservation and Natural Resources, and Education. The other members include six trustees appointed by the Governor, nine elected by alumni, and six elected by Pennsylvania agricultural societies. Six additional trustees are elected by a board representing business and industry enterprises. Undergraduate students do not elect any trustees; the court case Benner v. Oswald ruled that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not require the undergraduate students be allowed to participate in the selection of trustees.

As of 2013, the chair of the board of trustees is Keith E. Masser, a graduate of Penn State and the Chairman & Chief Executive Officer of Sterman Masser, Inc.

The main responsibilities of the board are to select the president of Penn State, to determine the goals and strategic direction of the University, and to approve the annual budget. Regular meetings of the board are held bi-monthly and take place primarily on the University Park campus, although on occasion meetings are held at other locations within the Commonwealth.

Administration

The President of the University is selected by the board and is given the authority for actual control of the university, including day-to-day management. In practice, part of this responsibility is delegated by the president to other departments of the administration, to the faculty, and to the student body. Provost Rodney Erickson became President on November 9, 2011, after President Graham Spanier was fired in the aftermath of the Penn State sex abuse scandal.

The executive vice president and provost is the chief academic officer of the University. As of November 2012, the provost is Rob Pangborn and the Associate Vice President and Senior Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education is Jeremy Cohen.

Student Government
Penn State has a long history of student governance. Elected student leaders remain directly involved in the decision-making of the University administration, as provided for in the Board of Trustee's Standing Orders. Currently, there are three Student Government Associations (SGA) recognized by the University administration: the University Park Undergraduate Association (UPUA), the Graduate Student Association (GSA), and the Council of Commonwealth Student Governments (CCSG).

The University Park Undergraduate Association (UPUA) is the representative student government of the 39,102 undergraduate students at Penn State's University Park campus, which was established in 2006 after the former student government, Undergraduate Student Government (USG), lost its recognition by way of a student referendum. The UPUA is composed of an Assembly of Student Representatives, an Executive Board, and a Board of Arbitration. The Executive Board is the bureaucratic branch of the UPUA and is led by Student Body President Katelyn Mullen. The Assembly, which is led by Chair Anthony Panichelli, is the legislative body of UPUA and is composed of elected representatives whose constituencies range from all of the academic units of Penn State to the areas of residency. The UPUA meets every Wednesday at 8:00 pm in 302 HUB. These meetings are open to the public. Additionally, students are able to reach out to the UPUA regarding issues at the University through its "What to Fix PSU (WTFPSU)" social media campaign.

The graduate students of the University are governed by the Graduate Student Association (GSA), which is the oldest continuously existing student governance organization at Penn State. GSA "work[s] on the behalf of the students to make sure that the graduate voice is heard by all levels of the administration and faculty at Penn State and to put on events geared towards graduate students."

The 19 commonwealth campuses of the university are governed by the Council of Commonwealth Student Governments (CCSG), formerly known as the Council of Branch Campus Student Governments (CBCSG).

Academics
Penn State is regionally accredited by The Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

As of September 2009, only 24 Pennsylvania colleges and universities held Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation in business and only four in accounting. The Smeal College of Business, The Sam and Irene Black School of Business, Penn State Harrisburg, and Penn State Great Valley were among the institutions accredited.

The university offers an accelerated Premedical-Medical Program in cooperation with Jefferson Medical College. Students in the program spend two or three years at the university before attending medical school at Jefferson.

Recently, a joint venture between the Eberly College of Science and the Smeal College of Business created an integrated undergraduate/graduate program to give highly motivated students the opportunity to receive a Bachelor's Degree in Science and an MBA two to five years sooner than those pursuing a traditional path. The BS/MBA Program prepares individuals to be future leaders of the world's scientific organizations and is led by Mr. Peter Tombros and Dr. James Gardner.

Demographics
As of fall 2010, the racial makeup of the Penn State system including all campuses and special-mission colleges, was 75.4 percent white, 5.5 percent black, 4.3 percent Asian, 4.4 percent Hispanic, 0.2 percent Native American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian/Pac Island, 1.7 percent two or more races, 5.8 percent international students and 3.1 percent of an unknown race. Over the period 2000–2010, minority enrollment as a percentage of total enrollments has risen 5.3 percentage points,[68] while minorities as a percentage of total teaching positions rose 2.0 percentage points from 1997 to 2002.

Penn State has been the subject of controversy for several issues of discrimination. Following some violent attacks on African-Americans in downtown State College in 1988 and complaints that Penn State was not adequately recruiting African-American faculty and students to representative population levels, student activists occupied Old Main and demanded that Penn State do more to recruit minority students and address intolerance toward minority students on campus, as well as in the local community. After President Bryce Jordan canceled a promised meeting with students and organizations in the Paul Robeson Cultural Center on April 8, 1988, 250 students and activists nonviolently occupied Penn State's Telecommunications building on campus. The following morning, 50 state troopers and 45 local and campus police, equipped with helmets, batons, and rubber gloves, entered the building as the crowd outside sang “We Shall Overcome”, arresting 89 individuals for trespassing. All charges were later dismissed.

In 1990 a vice provost for educational equity was appointed to lead a five-year strategic plan to "create an environment characterized by equal access and respected participation for all groups and individuals irrespective of cultural differences." Since then, discrimination issues include the handling of death threats in 1992 and 2001, controversy around LGBT issues, and the investigation of a 2006 sexual discrimination lawsuit filed by former Lady Lions basketball player Jennifer Harris, alleging that head coach Rene Portland dismissed her from the team in part due to her perceived sexual orientation.

Six-year graduation rates for the 2004 cohort at University Park was 85.3 percent. Graduation rates for by race among this group are 86.6 percent white, 75.0 percent black, 81.9 percent Asian, 77.4 percent Hispanic, 57.1 percent Native American and 76.1 percent international students According to a 2006 survey by USA Today, the university's flagship campus, University Park, has the highest in-state tuition rates among comparable institutions nationwide. While a task force formed in 2001 to study options for tuition projections determined that the university's operating efficiency is among the highest in postsecondary education, it found that tuition increases at Penn State still consistently outpaced increases at other Big Ten Conference institutions. Student leaders of The Council of Commonwealth Student Governments (CCSG) have led annual rallies to support lower rate hikes at each of the nineteen commonwealth campuses and at the Pennsylvania state capitol in Harrisburg. In 2005, the board of trustees proposed a tuition freeze at the commonwealth campus locations as part of its state appropriation request.



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University of the Punjab

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The University of the Punjab (Urdu: جامعہ پنجاب‎; informally Punjab University), is a public research university located in the downtown area of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the oldest and largest public university in Pakistan. With multiple campuses in Gujranwala, Jhelum, and Khanspur, the university was formally established by the British Government after convening the first meeting for establishing higher education institutions in October 1882 at Simla. The Punjab University was the fourth university to be established by the British colonial authorities in the South Asia; the first three universities were established in other parts of India.

The university offers a wide range of undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral programmes and various institutes in Punjab are affiliated with the Punjab University.

Approximately 30,000 enrolled students are currently attending the university, the PU has total of 13 faculties within which there are 63 academic departments, research centers, and institutes. The Punjab University has ranked first amongst large-sized multiple faculty universities by the HEC in 2012. There are also two Nobel Laureates amongst the university's alumni and former staff. Additionally, the university is also a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom.

History

University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

The University of the Punjab came into existence as a result of a long drawn struggle of the people of Punjab after the Indian Mutiny in 1857.[citation needed] Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner was the founder of the university. Contrary to the three previously established universities, which were only examining institutions, the University of the Punjab was both teaching as well as examining body right from the beginning.

From its formation in 1882 until 1947, the University of the Punjab served the educational needs of the entire region of pre-partition Punjab and northern India. Mohindra College, Patiala was the first college of higher learning to affiliate with University of Punjab in 1882; followed by St. Stephen's College, Delhi. The partition of India in 1947 reduced the geographical jurisdiction of the university. The current Institute of Administrative Sciences was created in 1962.

Many major institutions that were previously affiliated to Punjab University have now become independent universities on their own, such as Government College University, Lahore and Medical and Engineering Colleges.

Campus

The University of the Punjab is divided into several campuses across Punjab with one summer campus located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:

Allama Iqbal Campus: also known as the old campus, located in the centre of Lahore, it is named after the great South Asian thinker and mystic poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The campus houses the Senate, the Syndicate, the Selection Board and the Advanced Studies & Research Board are generally held there.

Quaid-i-Azam Campus: also known as the new campus, it is named after the founder of Pakistan and is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the south of the Allama Iqbal Campus. Spread over an area of 1,700 acres (7 km2) of lush green landscape this campus is the centre of academic and administrative activities of the university. A canal divides the academic blocks from the student lodgings.

Gujranwala Campus: the faculties of Commerce, Economics and Management Sciences, Law and Science all conduct teaching in the campus.

Khanspur Campus: the summer campus is located at a height of about 7,000 ft (2,100 m) in the Himalayan range near Ayubia. This campus, in addition to providing research facilities, is also used as a recreational center for the faculty and the students.

Jhelum Campus: having recently opened in 2012,[citation needed] it offers studies relating to the faculties of Commerce, Economics and Management Sciences, Law and Science.

Academics

Faculties
There are 13 faculties in the University with 10 constituent colleges, 63 departments, centres, and institutes. It has about 739 permanent faculty members involved in teaching/research.:

Faculty of Arts and Humanities
Faculty of Information Technology
Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences
Faculty of Commerce
Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
College of Engineering & Emerging Technologies (CEET)
Faculty of Islamic Studies
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Life-Sciences
Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry
Faculty of Oriental Learning
Faculty of Pharmacy
Faculty of Science

Constituent Colleges
Hailey College of Banking & Finance
Hailey College of Commerce
University College of Pharmacy
Punjab University Law College
Punjab University College of Information Technology

Research and collaborations
The university has collaborated with different universities globally and has articulation agreements with the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences of Cornell University and San José State University in the United States. It also has agreements with the University of Manchester, University of Luton, University of Bedfordshire, University of Birmingham, University of Surrey, University of Bradford, University of Cambridge, University of Derby, and University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. In China, Punjab University has collaborations with Beijing University of Chemical Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Wuhan University School of Foreign Languages and Literature, University People’s Republic of China, Sichuan University, and Zhengzhou Medical University and in Iran with Markaz Nashr-e-Miras-e-Maktoob, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, University of Tehran, and Tarbiat Modares University.

Punjab University Library
Punjab University Library is one of the biggest libraries among the universities of Pakistan. The library has more than 500,000 collection of books, magazines and periodicals. This collection is in nine different national and international languages and different types as print material, CDs, DVDs, Microfilms, Microfiches, Video and Audio Cassettes and Manuscripts.[citation needed] Punjab University Library has beautiful two-storey building and total area of the building is 102,000 sq. feet. There are reading halls in both ground and 1st floor with approximately seating capacity of 2500 readers. The library has internet lab for the students to research according to the new technologies of 21st century. In the library there is computerised "MLIMs" catalogue for searching material.

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Chinese University Hong Kong (CUHK)

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The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public research university in Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Formally established in 1963 by a charter granted by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, it is the territory's second oldest institution of higher learning and only collegiate university. It was founded as a federation of three existing colleges, the oldest of which was founded in 1949.

Today, CUHK is organized into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties. English is the main language of instruction in most classes, with Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese being retained only by a minority of colleges and academic departments. As of 2013, four Nobel laureates are associated with the University, making it the only tertiary institution in the territory with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal and Veblen Prize as faculty in residence.

History

Flights to Hong Kong

The university was formed in 1963 as a federation of three existing colleges. The first of these, New Asia College, was established in 1949 by anti-Communist Confucian scholars from Mainland China amid the revolution there. Among the founders were Ch'ien Mu, Tang Junyi, and Tchang Pi-kai. Curriculum focused particularly on Chinese heritage and social concerns. The early years of this school were tumultuous, with the campus relocating several times between rented premises around Kowloon. Academics there were often self-exiled from the mainland and they struggled financially, with students sometimes sleeping on rooftops and teachers foregoing pay in order to sustain the college. Funds were gradually raised and the school moved to a new campus in Kau Pui Lung, built with the support of the Ford Foundation, in 1956.

Following the Communist revolution and the breakdown in relations between China and the United States at at the 1950 outbreak of the Korean War, all Christian colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China were shut down. Chung Chi College was founded in 1951 by Protestant churches in Hong Kong to continue the theological education of mainland churches and schools. The 63 students of its first year operating were taught in various church and rented premises on Hong Kong Island. The college moved to its present location in Ma Liu Shui (i.e., the present CUHK campus) in 1956. By 1962, a year before the founding of CUHK, Chung Chi had 531 students in 10 departments taught by a full-time faculty of 40, excluding tutors.

United College was founded in 1956 with the merging of five private colleges in Guangdong province: Canton Overseas, Kwang Hsia, Wah Kiu, Wen Hua, and Ping Jing College of Accountancy. The first school president was Dr F.I. Tseung. The original campus on Caine Road on Hong Kong Island accommodated over 600 students.

These three colleges (along with some others created during this era) helped fill a void in the post-secondary education options available to Hong Kong Chinese students. Before 1949, such students could attend a university in the mainland. But with this option spoiled by the upheavals in China, students were unable to further their studies at a university unless their English proficiency was sufficient to enrol at the University of Hong Kong, then the only university in the territory. In 1957, New Asia College, Chung Chi College, and United College came together to establish the Chinese Colleges Joint Council.

Administration

Management Structure
The Chancellor of CUHK, like all other universities of Hong Kong, is the Chief Executive of HKSAR and the President/Vice-chancellor is under the Council of the university, followed by the Pro-vice chancellor/Vice-president. There are nine colleges and eight faculties, each of which has its own Dean/Head.

Funding
In 2005, the university budget was HK$4,558 million, with government subvention of about HK$2,830 million. In the 2008-09 fiscal year (starts April 1), total income was down to $4,413 million while government subvention had risen to $2,916 million.

Academic Organisations

Faculties
Hotel affiliated to the Hotel Management program
Chinese University is a comprehensive research university with most departments and schools organized into eight faculties which run both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. There is a graduate school to administrate all the postgraduate programmes provided by different faculties. Moreover, the CUSCS offers associate degree and higher diploma programmes.

Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Business Administration
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Social Science
Faculty of Law



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Tohoku University - Tohoku (Japan)

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Tohoku University located in Sendai, Miyagi in the Tohoku Region, Japan, is a Japanese national university. It is the third oldest Imperial University in Japan and is a member of the National Seven Universities. It is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in Japan, and one of the top fifty universities in the world.

In 2009, Tohoku University had ten colleges within the university, including fifteen departments with graduate students, with a total enrollment of 17,949 students.  The university's three core values are "Research First ",  "Open-Door"  and "Practice-Oriented Research and Education".

International Degree Programs Taught in English
In 2009, Tohoku University was one of 13 universities selected by the Japanese government to lead the internationalisation of higher education in Japan. This venture, known as the Global 30 Project, takes the form of new international degree courses taught wholly in English, at both undergraduate and graduate level. At Tohoku University, this initiative is known as the Future Global Leadership Program (FGL).

Undergraduate Courses
Degrees taught in English at the undergraduate level include the International Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Course (IMAC-U), the Applied Marine Biology Course (AMB), and the Advanced Molecular Chemistry Course (AMC).

Graduate Courses
Courses taught in English at the graduate level include the International Program in Economics and Management (IPEM), the International Graduate Program for Advanced Science (IGPAS), the Network Medicine Course, the Basic Medicine Course, the Interface Oral Health Science Course, the International Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Course (IMAC-G), the International Materials Science and Engineering Course (IMSE), the International Doctoral Program in Engineering, Information Sciences and Environmental Studies, the International Graduate Program in Language Sciences, the International Course of Life Sciences, the Information Technology and Science Course, the International Program for Environmental Sustainability Science (IPESS), and the International Post-Graduate Program in Human Security.

History
The origin of the university was Meirin-yokendo, which was founded as a medical school in Sendai in 1736. It was reorganized a few times. Later it became Sendai Medical College Sendai igaku senmon gakko, this was the forerunner of the medical department of the university.

On June 22, 1907, the university was established under the name Tohoku Imperial University  by the Meiji government as the third Imperial University of Japan, following the Tokyo Imperial University (1877) and the Kyoto Imperial University (1897). From its start, it has advocated "Open-door" policies—it was the first university in Japan to accept female students and foreign students.

In September 1907, it set up the faculty of Agriculture in Sapporo; the Sapporo Agricultural College.

It set up the Science Department in 1911, and the Medical Department (formerly the Sendai Medical College) in 1915. In 1918 it ceded the Faculty of Agriculture to Hokkaido Imperial University. It subsequently launched Faculties of Engineering in 1919, and Law and Literature in 1922.

In 1947 the university assumed its current name, Tohoku University, acquired a new Faculty of Agriculture. In 1949, the Faculty of Law and Literature was split to form new faculties of Law, Literature, and Economics. A Faculty of Education was added in 1949, Dentistry in 1965, and Pharmacy in 1972. Tohoku has been a national university corporation since April 2004.



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University of California, Berkeley

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The University of California, Berkeley is a public research university located in Berkeley, California, United States. The university occupies 1,232 acres on the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay with the central campus resting on 178 acres. Berkeley is the flagship institution of the 10 campus University of California system and one of only two UC campuses operating on a semester calendar, the other being UC Merced.

Established in 1868 as the result of the merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in Oakland, Berkeley is the oldest institution in the UC system and offers approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. Berkeley has been charged with providing both "classical" and "practical" education for the state's people. Berkeley co-manages three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, including the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Berkeley faculty, alumni, and researchers have won 72 Nobel Prizes (including 28 alumni Nobel laureates), 9 Wolf Prizes, 7 Fields Medals, 15 Turing Awards, 45 MacArthur Fellowships, 20 Academy Awards, and 11 Pulitzer Prizes. To date, UC Berkeley and its researchers are associated with 6 chemical elements of the periodic table and the Berkeley Lab has discovered 16 chemical elements in total – more than any other university in the world. Berkeley is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and continues to have very high research activity with $652.4 million in research and development expenditures in 2009. Berkeley physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director of the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bomb in the world, which he personally headquartered at Los Alamos, New Mexico, during World War II. Faculty member Edward Teller was (together with Stanislaw Ulam) the "father of the hydrogen bomb". Known as the California Golden Bears (often shortened to "Cal Bears" or just "Cal"), the athletic teams are members of both the Pacific-12 Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in the NCAA.

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In 1866, the land comprising the current Berkeley campus was purchased by the private College of California. Because it lacked sufficient funds to operate, it eventually merged with the state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to form the University of California, the first full-curriculum public university in the state.

Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869. Andrew Gabrielson was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, became the first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 222 female students and held its first classes.

Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst made several large gifts to Berkeley, funding a number of programs and new buildings, and sponsoring, in 1898, an international competition in Antwerp, Belgium, where French architect Émile Bernard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis. By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard.

Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958. By 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments.

During World War II, following Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (formerly the Radiation Lab), Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).

Originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeley's ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, who graduated with a B.A. in 1922. Both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeley's ROTC program, earning B.A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, respectively. In 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. During World War II, the military increased its presence on campus to recruit more officers, and by 1944, more than 1,000 Berkeley students were enrolled in the V-12 Navy College Training Program and naval training school for diesel engineering. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962.

During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed; ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay.

In 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given relative autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, and Clark Kerr became the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley.

Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement in 1964, and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized People's Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land; the National Guard was called in and violence erupted. Modern students at Berkeley are less politically active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives. Democrats outnumber Republicans on the faculty by a ratio of 9:1.

Various human and animal rights groups have recently conflicted with Berkeley. Native Americans conflicted with the school over repatriation of remains from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology. Animal-rights activists have threatened faculty members using animals for research. The school's response to tree sitters protesting construction caused controversy in the local community.

As state funding has declined, Berkeley has turned to private sources: BP donated $500 million to develop biofuels, the Hewlett Foundation gave $113 million to endow 100 faculty chairs, and Dow Chemical gave $10 million to research sustainability. The BP grant has been criticized for diverting food production to fuel production.

The original name University of California was frequently shortened to California or Cal. UC Berkeley's athletic teams date to this time and so are referred to as the California Golden Bears, Cal Bears, or just Cal. Today, University of California refers to a statewide school system. Referring to the University of California, Berkeley as UCB or University of California at Berkeley is discouraged and the domain name is berkeley.edu. Moreover, the term "Cal Berkeley" is not a correct reference to the school, but is occasionally used. Berkeley is unaffiliated with the Berklee College of Music or Berkeley College.

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Stanford University - California (USA)

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In 1876, former California Governor Leland Stanford purchased 650 acres of Rancho San Francisquito for a country home and began the development of his famous Palo Alto Stock Farm. He later bought adjoining properties totaling more than 8,000 acres.

The little town that was beginning to emerge near the land took the name Palo Alto (tall tree) after a giant California redwood on the bank of San Francisquito Creek. The tree itself is still there and would later become the university's symbol and centerpiece of its official seal.

Leland Stanford, who grew up and studied law in New York, moved West after the gold rush and, like many of his wealthy contemporaries, made his fortune in the railroads. He was a leader of the Republican Party, governor of California and later a U.S. senator. He and Jane had one son, who died of typhoid fever in 1884 when the family was traveling in Italy. Leland Jr. was just 15. Within weeks of his death, the Stanfords decided that, because they no longer could do anything for their own child, "the children of California shall be our children." They quickly set about to find a lasting way to memorialize their beloved son.

The Stanfords considered several possibilities – a university, a technical school, a museum. While on the East Coast, they visited Harvard, MIT, Cornell and Johns Hopkins to seek advice on starting a new university in California. (See note regarding accounts of the Stanfords visit with Harvard President Charles W. Eliot.) Ultimately, they decided to establish two institutions in Leland Junior's name - the University and a museum. From the outset they made some untraditional choices: the university would be coeducational, in a time when most were all-male; non-denominational, when most were associated with a religious organization; and avowedly practical, producing "cultured and useful citizens."

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On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after six years of planning and building. The prediction of a New York newspaper that Stanford professors would "lecture in marble halls to empty benches" was quickly disproved. The first student body consisted of 555 men and women, and the original faculty of 15 was expanded to 49 for the second year. The university’s first president was David Starr Jordan, a graduate of Cornell, who left his post as president of Indiana University to join the adventure out West.

The Stanfords engaged Frederick Law Olmsted, the famed landscape architect who created New York’s Central Park, to design the physical plan for the university. The collaboration was contentious, but finally resulted in an organization of quadrangles on an east-west axis. Today, as Stanford continues to expand, the university’s architects attempt to respect those original university plans.

The 21st century is being shaped by remarkable advances in knowledge, and there are tremendous opportunities for Stanford to lead the way. At the turn of this century, we recognized that society’s most complex challenges required a multidisciplinary approach, and we leveraged the physical proximity of our schools to encourage greater collaboration across disciplines. Our early multidisciplinary focus stimulated tremendous experimentation and innovation over the past decade and has resulted in leadership in many fields.

The excellence both of students and of faculty has fueled the university’s development. Two Stanford students, senior Mailyn Fidler and doctoral student David Wei Jia, were selected to be 2014 Marshall Scholars and will continue their studies at Oxford. Alumnus Ty McCormick will continue his studies at Queen’s University in Belfast as a Mitchell Scholar. Stanford senior Meredith Wheeler and two recent Stanford alumni, Emma Pierson and Miles Unterreiner, were named U.S. Rhodes Scholars this year, bringing the total number of Stanford Rhodes Scholars to 112.

Outstanding students want to work with the best teachers and mentors, and the Stanford faculty continue to excel. The number of major awards per faculty member has more than doubled over the past 30 years, and 2013 was particularly stellar. Adam Johnson, associate professor of English, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for his novel, The Orphan Master’s Son, and two faculty members — C. Kevin Boyce, associate professor of geological and environmental sciences, and David Lobell, associate professor of environmental Earth system science — were named MacArthur Foundation Fellows.

For the second year in a row, two Stanford professors were awarded Nobel Prizes: Thomas Südhof, professor of molecular and cellular physiology, received the 2013 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, and a few days later, Michael Levitt, professor of structural biology, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

Südhof, the Avram Goldstein Professor in the School of Medicine, was recognized for fundamental research in how nerve cells in the brain communicate — contributions that have proven to be tremendously important to medicine. Professor Südhof shares the Nobel with two other scientists with Stanford connections: James Rothman, currently at Yale University, is a former Stanford professor of biochemistry, and Randy Schekman, a professor at the University of California-Berkeley, is a Stanford alumnus who earned his doctorate working with the late Arthur Kornberg, 1959 Nobel laureate.

Levitt, the Robert W. and Vivian K. Cahill Professor in Cancer Research in the School of Medicine, a member of the Department of Structural Biology since 1987 and a member of Bio-X with a courtesy appointment in computer science, is a pioneer in computational structural biology. His interdisciplinary research draws upon computer science, physics and biology to help us understand how complex proteins are structured and operate. He shares the Nobel with Arieh Warshel of the University of Southern California, with whom Levitt worked in the 1970s, and Martin Karplus of the University of Strasbourg in France and Harvard University.

These awards, along with many others received by our faculty and students, reflect the strength of the research being done at Stanford and are further proof of the success and impact of collaboration across disciplines.

This year also marked significant anniversaries for several programs that have pioneered new areas of research or challenged us to think differently. In October, we marked the fifth anniversary of the Center for Ocean Solutions, a unique collaboration among Stanford University, the Monterey Bay Aquarium and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, focused on understanding and improving the health of our planet’s greatest natural resource. Also, in October, the James H. Clark Center, home to Bio-X, celebrated its 10th anniversary. In its first decade, the Clark Center has become a catalyst for wide-ranging research, engaging more than 600 faculty throughout the university and nurturing transformative work in fields such as optogenetics, bioengineering, microfluidics, neuroscience and computational biology. Also marking its 10th anniversary was the McCoy Family Center for Ethics in Society. The center, with its nationally recognized ethics program, provides leadership in the examination of ethical issues, especially critical given the complexity of today’s challenges.

There were also significant advances in the development of our arts district. The inaugural season of the Bing Concert Hall was a stunning success by any measure. Construction continued on the building that will house the Anderson Collection at Stanford, and we look forward to its grand opening in 2014. In June, we broke ground on the McMurtry Building, new home of the Department of Art and Art History; with its 2015 opening, the initial development of the arts district will be complete.

Continued success requires us to think strategically as we look ahead, and new initiatives were also launched in 2013. In May, we broke ground on the new Stanford Hospital. Stanford Medicine is pioneering discoveries and patient therapies, educating the next generation of clinicians and researchers, and serving the public by providing excellent health care, but it is limited by seriously outmoded facilities. The new hospital will give us the capacity to deliver solutions and define the future of health care in this century.

In September, Stanford University and Stanford Hospital & Clinics announced a three-year partnership with StartX, a nonprofit, student-created incubator for startups. The new Stanford StartX Fund will support an entrepreneurial education program helping students understand the entrepreneurial process and pilot their innovations.

We also moved forward on our enhancements to undergraduate education. Based on recommendations from the 2012 Study of Undergraduate Education at Stanford (SUES), we implemented Ways of Thinking/Ways of Doing courses, a new approach to developing both breadth and depth of knowledge that our students will need in this century. This year, faculty from 69 departments and programs submitted hundreds of different Ways of Thinking/Ways of Doing courses to give undergraduates a wide range of intriguing options that meet the new requirement.

We understand that learning occurs in many environments, and this year we opened a new recreation facility on the west side of campus. In addition to offering a wide range of recreation activities such as rock climbing, basketball and swimming, the facility will include an Outdoor Center with equipment rental and trip planning resources. The rec center will also be the new home of Stanford Cycling, which includes our road and track racing team and mountain bike racing team, as well as support for community cycling.

Our online learning team continued to explore online and blended strategies for courses by working with the faculty to enhance students’ experiences. In April, we collaborated with edX, the nonprofit platform developed by Harvard and MIT, to develop a new open-source platform. OpenEdX was launched this summer, with Stanford offering nine courses, including the Three Books program for incoming freshmen, and numerous other projects are in development.

Stanford’s leadership in these and other fields attracts students from around the world. Over the past decade, we have seen a dramatic increase in the number of highly qualified undergraduate applicants, with more than twice as many applicants as we had in 2000. At the same time our yield — the percentage of students offered admission that choose to come to Stanford — reached a new high of almost 77 percent. As a result, fewer than 6 percent of the 38,828 applicants could be admitted to the Class of 2017.

In addition to turning away many exceptional students, we have seen a shift in campus composition. Thirty years ago, Stanford’s student body was about equally divided between undergraduate and graduate students. But over the decades, that balance has shifted, and today fewer than 45 percent of our students are undergraduates. If postdoctoral students are included, undergraduates drop to 40 percent of the total student population.

Both undergraduate and graduate education fuel the university’s culture of innovation, and this year, we began discussing the possibility of expanding the number of undergraduates to achieve a more historic balance. If we do so, it will be a very gradual adjustment over the next 15-plus years. We believe we have a responsibility and the ability to educate more students and that it is in keeping with the founders’ vision.

A significant contributor to Stanford’s excellence in this and past years has been the tremendous generosity of our friends, alumni, parents and students. Last year, more than 82,000 donors — more than at any other time in the university’s history — invested $931.6 million in the university. Those gifts reflect their deep confidence in our faculty and students and the critical work they are doing to address the challenges of our time.

When Jane and Leland Stanford established the university 128 years ago, they sought “to promote the public welfare by exercising an influence on behalf of humanity and civilization.” Each generation has advanced that mission, and in the coming decades, by thinking strategically and leveraging our strengths, we will discover new opportunities. With the support of alumni and friends, Stanford will continue to flourish and live up to the entrepreneurial spirit of its founders.

Stanford University is one of the world's leading research universities. Stanford is known for its entrepreneurial character, drawn from the legacy of its founders, Jane and Leland Stanford, and its relationship to Silicon Valley. Research and teaching emphasize interdisciplinary approaches to problem solving. Areas of excellence range from the humanities to social sciences to engineering and the sciences. Stanford is located in California's Bay Area, one of the most intellectually dynamic and culturally diverse areas of the nation.



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